专升本英语考试中,不定时有哪些用法?考生怎么掌握不定时的用法?想知道答案的考生快跟着小编一起来看看吧。
一、不定式的作用
1、作主语
不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如:
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
注意:
(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较:It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)
To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)
3)It is+ adj.+ of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用 for.
2、作宾语
(1)动词+不定式。如:
He managed to escape from the fire.
I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)
注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等
(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如:
I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.
注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。如:
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.
3、作宾语补足语
(1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do)。如:
He warned me to be careful.
What makes you think so?(不带to的不定式)
注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, prefer, encourage
(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如:
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)
(3) There +不定式。如:
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意:(1)有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如:
We regard Tom as our best teacher.
Mary took him as her father.
(2)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如:
They saw the boy fall off the tree.
The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
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