英语从句也是大学生英语考试中经常考察的知识点。英语从句包括定语从句、状语从句等。
英语从句也是大学生英语考试中经常考察的知识点。英语从句包括定语从句、状语从句等。无论什么样的英语从句,只要你能掌握这些定语从句,你在做题的时候就可以灵活运用。然后,2018年英语考试遇到这种类型的题,打下来没问题。以下小编对英语从句进行分类,供大家参考。
定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2)Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 状语从句 在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导。 状语从句可分为: 时间状语从句: When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma. 苏珊每次进城,总要去看望她奶奶。 地点状语从句: I will go where I am needed. 哪里需要我,我就到哪里去。 方式状语从句: I have changed it as you suggest. 我已经按照你的建议作了改变。 原因状语从句: Mary didn"t go shopping because I advised her not to. 玛丽没有去购物,因为我劝她不要去。 目的状语从句: They worked hard in order that they might succeed. 他们努力工作,以便能够获得成功。 结果状语从句: Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life. 废物必须进行处理,这样它才不会成为危害生命的东西。 条件状语从句: If he works hard, he will surely succeed. 如果努力工作,他肯定会成功。 让步状语从句: Though we are all different, we need never be separate. 虽然我们各不相同,但是我们永远也不会分开。 比较状语从句: I was happier than I had ever been in my life. 这是我一生中最快乐的时光。 名词性从句(主语 宾语 表语 同位语) 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分) 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词:when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词: 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 【比较】whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,whether不能被if取代: 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有"or not",例:Whether he will come or not is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语: It is not important who will go.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。
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